Nettie Stevens was a groundbreaking geneticist who discovered sex chromosomes.

Mary Agnes Chase advanced American botany through groundbreaking grass taxonomy, influential publications, and significant field research across the Americas. 

American doctor Mary Putnam Jacobi was not only a trailblazer in medicine in the late 1800s and early 1900s. She was also a women’s rights activist who conducted extensive, groundbreaking research to produce pivotal medical arguments challenging misconcep

Henrietta Swan Leavitt was part of a group of groundbreaking astronomers at the Harvard College Observatory in the late 1800s and early 1900s.